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Protome (genus)
''Protome'' is an extinct genus of phytosaurid phytosaur from the Late Triassic of Arizona, represented by a single species, ''Protome batalaria''. It is known from a single holotype incomplete, partially disarticulated skull and left lower jaw called PEFO 34034 from the Upper Lot's Wife beds, Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park. The skull was discovered in 2004 and described as a specimen of ''Smilosuchus adamanensis'' (then a species of ''Leptosuchus''). It was placed in the new genus ''Protome'' in 2012. The genus name ''Protome'' is the Greek word for an animal's face. The specific name ''batalaria'' is the Latin word for battleship, which is a reference to Battleship NW, the locality within Petrified Forest where the skull was found.
==Description==
''Protome'' has a long, narrow, tubular-shaped snout. It has a partial rostral crest at the back of the snout, a feature which it shares with phytosaurs like ''Smilosuchus adamanensis'', ''Pravusuchus'', and ''Leptosuchus'', but which is not as prominent as it is in other ''Smilosuchus'' species and some ''Pseudopalatus'' species. It lacks the premaxillary crest along the midline of the snout that is present in ''Leptosuchus studeri'' and ''Mystriosuchus westphali''. Many characteristics that associate ''Protome'' with other phytosaurs can be found in its squamosal bone, which makes up the cheek region and extends behind the main portion of the skull.〔
''Protome'' was named on the basis of several unique characteristics, or autapomorphies. The first autapomorphy is the flat shape of the basitubera, an area at the base of the skull in front of its attachment point with the neck. Another is that bony projections called exoccipital prongs at the back of the skull make up the top margin of the foramen magnum, the hole through which the spinal cord enters the skull. A third autapomorphy is a small depression or fossa surrounding the front tip of a hole in the lower jaw called the mandibular fenestra. These features were used to distinguish PEFO 34034 as a new genus and species, distinct from ''Leptosuchus adamanensis''. ''Protome'' and ''Leptosuchus'' are similar in that both have broad squamosals and holes called supratemporal fenestrae that are located on top of the skull.〔
When it was described in 2004, PEFO 34034 was thought to represent a small ''Leptosuchus'' individual, possibly a juvenile. The lack of a premaxillary crest has been used as evidence for it being a juvenile, although the absence of a crest has also been interpreted as a distinct characteristic of some species, and more recently as a possible characteristic of sexual dimorphism. Most juvenile phytosaurs are identified on the basis of incomplete fusion of different parts of each vertebra, but ''Protome'' is not known from any postcranial remains.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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